Visible varicose veins and spider veins (or telangiectasia as it is medically referred), are common conditions that affect adults and women in particular. These conditions mostly afflict the legs and face. Varicose veins are characterized by the appearance of large, swollen blood vessels that constantly turn and twist while spider veins are generally smaller and appear as red, blue and purple vessels that also turn and twist. The latter is normally visible near the surface of the skin and measures about 1 millimeter in diameter.
Spider veins and varicose veins are caused by a number of factors, including: heredity, obesity, aging, use of birth control pills and hormonal imbalances caused by puberty, pregnancy and menopause. Other causes include post-menopausal hormonal treatment, history of blood clots, occupations that entail standing for lengthy periods (such as teachers, factory worker, nurses), and increased pressure in the abdomen (ex. constipation and tumors). It is estimated that about 50% of adults in the United States suffer from varicose veins and spider veins. It is also not uncommon for the condition to affect young adults and teenagers.
Varicose Veins
The primary symptoms of varicose veins include: appearance of highly visible, misshapen veins on the legs, heaviness, swelling, pain sensation and achiness over or around the enlarged veins. In certain cases, a person with varicose veins may develop discoloration and bleeding, and in severe cases even ulcers. Before the doctor diagnoses or recommends treatment for varicose veins, he may ask you to stand and sit for a period of time to examine the area and perform a physical check. The doctor will also want to know about other symptoms such as pain and bleeding.
Noninvasive testing using Ultrasound to read the blood flow can be performed, as well as a test called venogram. During a venogram test, a special dye is injected into the legs and X-rays of the area are taken for further examination. The doctor will also use these tests to ensure pain and swelling causing conditions such as blood clot and vein blockage are not at play.
Spider Veins
The primary symptoms of spider veins include: web like venous appearance on the skin, swelling, skin ulcers, skin rash, restless legs and itching and aching around the affected area. The condition affects about 55% of women and 45% of men in the US. In severe cases the condition can weaken or damage the valves in the veins and even cause bleeding, skin ulcers and thrombosis, a life-threatening condition. Thrombosis can arise when the valves fail to open to allow the flow of blood, thereby causing backup and swelling. Like varicose veins, your doctor may call for physical examination and tests through ultrasound and venogram.
Treatment
Depending on the severity of the symptoms and the size and location, the doctor can prescribe various treatments for varicose veins and spider veins. Potential treatments include: wearing compression stocking and dressings with single or multi-layered systems, Sclerotherapy and elevating the legs while sleeping or sitting. Sclerotherapy involves injection of liquid into the affected vein to create a remedial clot. Other treatment regimens for varicose veins and spider veins are surgery, laser treatment and ablation.
The Sclerotherapy procedure and laser treatment are typically preferred when treating spider veins. However, surgery and ablation are considered better options for treating visible varicose veins. The compression stockings can help contain some of the effects since the squeeze the leg, thereby minimizing the amount of blood pressure moving into the veins. A health care professional will guide the patient on the degree of pressure that needs to be exerted to attain positive results. Every treatment comes with a certain amount of risks or side effects. In the case of surgical vein removal, patients can experience vomiting, nausea and postoperative wound infection. Surgeries are also performed when the patient is under anesthesia. The potential side effects of Sclerotherapy include allergic reactions due to the use of sodium tetradecyl sulfate.
Laser and Sclerotherapy treatments can be performed by dermatologists. Overall, the removal of varicose veins and spider veins can be undertaken by general, varicose or plastic surgeons. The duration of treatment and healing for patients undergoing spider vein and varicose vein treatment depends on many factors, including underlying diagnosis, age, treatment history, ability to tolerate anesthesia and surgery and bodily reactions.
Removal and recovery can be complicated with high instances of re-occurrence following treatment. Venous diseases are progressive by nature and difficult to prevent, especially the emergence of new spider veins and varicose veins. To prevent varicose veins and spider vein from appearing, people are encouraged to wear elastic support hose, perform regular exercises and avoid standing for lengthy periods of time.
The cost of treating or removing vein conditions such as varicose veins and spider vein can be prohibitive, and this is a major cause of concern for many people looking for affordable treatment. However, a growing number of insurance companies cover treatment of various venous disorders, including spider veins and varicose veins. It is important to know that there is no best age to seek varicose vein or spider vein treatment. Most doctors encourage early treatment to help prevent the symptoms from worsening. Despite the challenges in treating and preventing spider veins and varicose veins, there are numerous benefits to seeking treatment. According to Varicoseveins.org, the benefits include:
- Feeling better about one’s appearance
- Promise of better sleep at night
- Increased mobility
- Enduring less pain during and after treatment